Foreword -- Preface to the second edition -- Preface to the first edition -- Introduction -- I. Principles of critical thinking: Seeking trustworthy knowledge. Research questions and hypotheses. Research variables and strategies. The sample. Confounding variables and their control. Research designs and threats to internal validity. Manipulation and measurement validity. Data analysis, discussion, and conclusions. Inferences, conclusions, and the research report. Research syntheses and meta-analysis. Research ethics -- II. Critical thinking using practice articles: Practice article 1: Use of counselor "street talk" to stimulate self-disclosure of inner-city youths. Practice article 2: Treatment of flying phobia : comparative efficacy of two behavioral methods. Practice article 3: The effect of divorce on sons' aggression. Practice article 4: Dyslexia in fifth-grade girls : personality and perceptual factors. Practice article 5: Time estimation : effect of depression and pleasantness or unpleasantness of an experience. Practice article 6: Bossiness in firstborn girls. Practice article 7: Effect of context upon accuracy of recall of affective experiences. Practice article 8: The effects of medication and cognitive behavior therapy on insomnia. Practice article 9: Midlife crises of men at age 50. Practice article 10: Effect of job stress and stress management on low back pain. Practice article 11: Evaluation of health maintenance organizations. Practice article 12: Effects of jury selection consultation on trial outcome. Practice article 13: Contingency reinforcement in the treatment of talking aloud to self : a single-case study. Practice article 14: The effect of race of examiner on IQ scores of American Indians. Practice article 15: Social effects of tax deadline. Practice article 16: Comparative effectiveness of teacher management styles in a fifth-grade classroom. Practice article 17: Age differences in gullibility : A meta-analysis -- Epilogue -- glossary -- References -- Index -- About the authors.